Specifications for Brewing Malts

Table: Malt analysis sheet (European supplier)

Min (IoB)

Max (IoB)

Min (EBC)

Max (EBC)

Moisture %

 

4.5

 

4.5

Extract L˚/kg (IoB) / %db (EBC)

307

 

81

 

Colour EBC

2.0

4.0

2.5

4.5

Total Nitrogen % (IoB) / Protein (EBC)

 

1.80

8.5

11.25

Total Soluble Nitrogen %

0.50

0.65

0.64

0.8

Soluble Nitrogen Ratio (IoB) / Kolbach Index (EBC)

36

41

38

46

Friability %

 

96

96

Homogeneity %

98

 

98

 

β-glucan in Wort (mg/L)

 

120

 

150

Diastatic Power IOB/DPWK (EBC)

45

65

140

228

Screenings % < 2.2 mm

 

2

 

 

NDMA (μg/kg)

0.3 

 

 

Sulphur Dioxide on Malt (mg/kg)

 

3

 

 

S-methyl methionine mg/L

 

 

 

3

Table: Example malt specifications for two-row and six-row North American malted barley

Parameter

Unit of measurement 

Two-row barley

Six-row barley

Moisture

%

3.6-4.2

3.6-4.2

Extract

FG db

80-82

77.5-79.5

Fine-coarse difference

-

0.8-1.2

1.0-1.4

Colour

SRM

1.6-2.1

1.8-2.5

Total protein

%

11.0-12.5

12.0-13.5

Soluble protein

%

4.9-5.5

5.3-5.9

S/T ratio

%

41-46

40-45

Free amino nitrogen

mg/L

175-220

185-230

Diastatic power

˚Lintner

110-145

145-175

α-amylase

DU

50-65

45-55

Viscosity

Absolute ϲp

1.43-1.46

1.46-1.49

Turbidity

NTU

<15

<15

β-glucan

mg/L

75-125

100-150

On 7/64-in. screen

%

45-50

50-60

On 7/64 and 6/64-in. screen

%

>90

>85

The table below summarises the analyses undertaken on malt by group.

Table: Analytical parameters linked to major groups of malt specification

Parameter

Unit

Barley element

Moisture

Extract

Modification

Enzyme activity

Moisture

%

 

X

 

 

 

Hot water extract

%

 

 

X

 

 

Fine coarse difference

%

 

 

 

 

X

 

Total nitrogen

%

X

 

 

 

 

Soluble nitrogen ratio

%

 

 

 

X

 

Kolbach Index

 

 

 

 

X

 

DMS

ppm

X

 

 

X

 

Colour

EBC

 

 

 

X

 

Viscosity

cP

 

 

 

X

X

α-Amylase

DU

X

 

 

 

X

Diastatic power

DP

X

 

 

 

X

Friability

%

 

 

 

X

 

Homogeneity

%

 

 

 

X

 

To summarise the information in the above table, let us look at some of the key points from this lesson:

  • Three institutions (IoB, EBC and ASBC) develop and govern the methods most widely used for malt quality analyses.
  • Analyses measuring the same attribute may have different units, depending on the method used. Typically, there are equations to convert between the different units.
  • We must specify malt that meets our brewing requirements and check the CoA and malt delivery to confirm that it meets our specification.  

Each parameter on the CoA can be linked to the malting process and/or the brewing process. Problems in malting can be linked to problems in the brewing process, for example, high β-glucan in malt can negatively affect wort separation and beer filtration. By understanding the analytical parameters of malt, we can set malt specifications to suit our beer and brewing process and check CoAs received from suppliers against this specification.

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