Lesson 6 - Malt Quality
This lesson deals with malt quality. We explore each parameter on a malt specification sheet and identify why they are specified. We then examine how they affect beer and the brewing process.
Specifications for Brewing Malts
Table: Malt analysis sheet (European supplier)
|
Min (IoB) |
Max (IoB) |
Min (EBC) |
Max (EBC) |
|
|
Moisture % |
|
4.5 |
|
4.5 |
|
Extract L˚/kg (IoB) / %db (EBC) |
307 |
|
81 |
|
|
Colour EBC |
2.0 |
4.0 |
2.5 |
4.5 |
|
Total Nitrogen % (IoB) / Protein (EBC) |
|
1.80 |
8.5 |
11.25 |
|
Total Soluble Nitrogen % |
0.50 |
0.65 |
0.64 |
0.8 |
|
Soluble Nitrogen Ratio (IoB) / Kolbach Index (EBC) |
36 |
41 |
38 |
46 |
|
Friability % |
|
96 |
96 |
|
|
Homogeneity % |
98 |
|
98 |
|
|
β-glucan in Wort (mg/L) |
|
120 |
|
150 |
|
Diastatic Power IOB/DPWK (EBC) |
45 |
65 |
140 |
228 |
|
Screenings % < 2.2 mm |
|
2 |
|
|
|
NDMA (μg/kg) |
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
Sulphur Dioxide on Malt (mg/kg) |
|
3 |
|
|
|
S-methyl methionine mg/L |
|
|
|
3 |
Table: Example malt specifications for two-row and six-row North American malted barley
|
Parameter |
Unit of measurement |
Two-row barley |
Six-row barley |
|
Moisture |
% |
3.6-4.2 |
3.6-4.2 |
|
Extract |
FG db |
80-82 |
77.5-79.5 |
|
Fine-coarse difference |
- |
0.8-1.2 |
1.0-1.4 |
|
Colour |
SRM |
1.6-2.1 |
1.8-2.5 |
|
Total protein |
% |
11.0-12.5 |
12.0-13.5 |
|
Soluble protein |
% |
4.9-5.5 |
5.3-5.9 |
|
S/T ratio |
% |
41-46 |
40-45 |
|
Free amino nitrogen |
mg/L |
175-220 |
185-230 |
|
Diastatic power |
˚Lintner |
110-145 |
145-175 |
|
α-amylase |
DU |
50-65 |
45-55 |
|
Viscosity |
Absolute ϲp |
1.43-1.46 |
1.46-1.49 |
|
Turbidity |
NTU |
<15 |
<15 |
|
β-glucan |
mg/L |
75-125 |
100-150 |
|
On 7/64-in. screen |
% |
45-50 |
50-60 |
|
On 7/64 and 6/64-in. screen |
% |
>90 |
>85 |
The table below summarises the analyses undertaken on malt by group.
Table: Analytical parameters linked to major groups of malt specification
|
Parameter |
Unit |
Barley element |
Moisture |
Extract |
Modification |
Enzyme activity |
|
Moisture |
% |
|
X |
|
|
|
|
Hot water extract |
% |
|
|
X |
|
|
|
Fine coarse difference |
% |
|
|
|
X |
|
|
Total nitrogen |
% |
X |
|
|
|
|
|
Soluble nitrogen ratio |
% |
|
|
|
X |
|
|
Kolbach Index |
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
DMS |
ppm |
X |
|
|
X |
|
|
Colour |
EBC |
|
|
|
X |
|
|
Viscosity |
cP |
|
|
|
X |
X |
|
α-Amylase |
DU |
X |
|
|
|
X |
|
Diastatic power |
DP |
X |
|
|
|
X |
|
Friability |
% |
|
|
|
X |
|
|
Homogeneity |
% |
|
|
|
X |
|
To summarise the information in the above table, let us look at some of the key points from this lesson:
- Three institutions (IoB, EBC and ASBC) develop and govern the methods most widely used for malt quality analyses.
- Analyses measuring the same attribute may have different units, depending on the method used. Typically, there are equations to convert between the different units.
- We must specify malt that meets our brewing requirements and check the CoA and malt delivery to confirm that it meets our specification.
Each parameter on the CoA can be linked to the malting process and/or the brewing process. Problems in malting can be linked to problems in the brewing process, for example, high β-glucan in malt can negatively affect wort separation and beer filtration. By understanding the analytical parameters of malt, we can set malt specifications to suit our beer and brewing process and check CoAs received from suppliers against this specification.