Orders of Magnitude Reinforcement Questions

1.

What is begin mathsize 14px style 2.1 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 6 end exponent space cross times space 2.2 space cross times space 10 to the power of 5 end style?

When multiplying numbers with exponents we add the exponents, so we have:

begin mathsize 14px style left parenthesis 2.1 space cross times space 2.2 right parenthesis space cross times space 10 to the power of open parentheses negative 6 space plus space 5 close parentheses end exponent end style

begin mathsize 14px style 4.62 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 1 end exponent space space o r space space 0.462 end style

2.

What is begin mathsize 14px style fraction numerator 3.5 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 4 end exponent space plus space 2.4 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 2 end exponent over denominator 8.2 space cross times space 10 to the power of 7 end fraction end style?

First, we need to calculate the top line. Remember, when adding and subtracting, the powers of ten remain the same. So here we are adding 0.00035 to 0.024:

begin mathsize 14px style 3.5 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 4 end exponent space plus space 2.4 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 2 end exponent space equals space 2.435 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 2 end exponent end style

Now we can calculate the equation using the orders of magnitude:

begin mathsize 14px style fraction numerator 2.435 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 2 end exponent over denominator 8.2 space cross times space 10 to the power of 7 end fraction end style

When dividing orders of magnitude, we subtract the denominator from the numerator, so we have:

begin mathsize 14px style fraction numerator 2.435 over denominator 8.2 end fraction space cross times space 10 to the power of left parenthesis negative 2 space minus space 7 right parenthesis end exponent end style

begin mathsize 14px style 0.297 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 9 end exponent space space o r space space 2.97 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 10 end exponent end style

3.

What is begin mathsize 14px style fraction numerator 8.1 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 6 end exponent space cross times space 9.4 space cross times space 10 cubed over denominator 6.2 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 7 end exponent end fraction end style?

We can start with the top line:

begin mathsize 14px style 8.1 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 6 end exponent space cross times space 9.4 space cross times space 10 cubed end style

As we are multiplying, we add the powers of ten:

begin mathsize 14px style 76.14 space cross times space 10 to the power of open parentheses negative 6 space plus space 3 close parentheses end exponent end style

begin mathsize 14px style 76.14 space cross times space 10 to the power of open parentheses negative 3 close parentheses end exponent space space o r space space 7.61 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 2 end exponent end style

Now we can do the division:

begin mathsize 14px style fraction numerator 7.61 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 2 end exponent over denominator 6.2 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 7 end exponent end fraction end style

When dividing orders of magnitude, we subtract the denominator from the numerator, so we have:

begin mathsize 14px style fraction numerator 7.61 over denominator 6.2 end fraction space cross times space 10 to the power of open parentheses negative 2 space minus space minus 7 close parentheses end exponent end style

begin mathsize 14px style fraction numerator 7.61 over denominator 6.2 end fraction space cross times space 10 to the power of 5 space equals space 1.23 space cross times space 10 to the power of 5 end style

4.

What is begin mathsize 14px style left parenthesis 6.3 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 7 end exponent space minus space 7.2 space cross times space 10 to the power of 4 right parenthesis space cross times space 4.2 space cross times space 10 to the power of 18 end style?

First, we need to calculate the part in brackets:

begin mathsize 14px style 6.3 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 7 end exponent space minus space 7.2 space cross times space 10 to the power of 4 end style

Remember, when we subtract, the exponents remain the same and as we are subtracting a very large number from a very small one, the impact of the small numbers is not significant. We have:

begin mathsize 14px style 0.00000063 space – space 72 comma 000 space equals space minus 71 comma 999.99999937 end style

which is close enough to -72,000 to call the answer that. This makes our calculation:

begin mathsize 14px style negative 7.2 space cross times space 10 to the power of 4 space cross times space 4.2 space cross times space 10 to the power of 18 end style

So we add the powers of ten to get:

begin mathsize 14px style negative 7.2 space cross times space 4.2 space cross times space 10 to the power of open parentheses 18 space plus space 4 close parentheses end exponent end style

And multiplying gives us:

begin mathsize 14px style negative 30.24 space cross times space 10 to the power of 22 space space o r space space minus 3.02 space cross times space 10 to the power of 23 end style

5.

What is the answer to begin mathsize 14px style fraction numerator 7.1 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 4 end exponent space cross times space 1.4 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 8 end exponent over denominator 4.3 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 4 end exponent space plus space 2.1 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 4 end exponent end fraction end style?

First, we can do the top line:

begin mathsize 14px style 7.1 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 4 end exponent space cross times space 1.4 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 8 end exponent end style

begin mathsize 14px style 7.1 space cross times space 1.4 space cross times space 10 to the power of open parentheses negative 8 space plus space minus 4 close parentheses end exponent end style

begin mathsize 14px style 9.94 space cross times space 10 to the power of open parentheses negative 12 close parentheses end exponent end style

And now the bottom line:

begin mathsize 14px style 4.3 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 4 end exponent space plus space 2.1 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 4 end exponent space equals space 6.4 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 4 end exponent end style

And then top divided by the bottom:

begin mathsize 14px style fraction numerator 9.94 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 12 end exponent over denominator 6.4 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 4 end exponent end fraction space equals space 1.55 space cross times space 10 to the power of open parentheses negative 12 space minus space minus 4 close parentheses end exponent end style

So:

begin mathsize 14px style fraction numerator 9.94 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 12 end exponent over denominator 6.4 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 4 end exponent end fraction space equals space 1.55 space cross times space 10 to the power of negative 8 end exponent end style

In the next section, you will meet our aunt Sally and the order of operations.

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