Lesson 2 - Brewing Water Sources and Treatment
This lesson introduces water as an ingredient for brewing. It explores the water cycle, sources of water and potability standards. It also examines some characteristics of water (hardness and alkalinity) and their effects on the brewhouse. Finally, the lesson investigates the methods of water analysis.
Microbiological parameters
|
Parameter |
Maximum Concentration |
Units of Measurement |
|
Enterococci |
0 |
Number/100 mL |
|
Escherichia coli (E. coli) |
0 |
Number/100 mL |
|
Coliform bacteria |
0 |
Number/100 mL |
Chemical parameters
|
Parameter |
Maximum Concentration |
Units of Measurement |
|
Acrylamide |
0.1 |
µg/L |
|
Aluminium |
200 |
µg/L |
|
Antimony |
5.0 |
µg/L |
|
Arsenic |
10 |
µg/L |
|
Benzene |
1.0 |
µg/L |
|
Benzo(a)pyrene |
0.010 |
µg/L |
|
Boron |
1.0 |
mg/L |
|
Bromate |
10 |
µg/L |
|
Cadmium |
5.0 |
µg/L |
|
Chromium |
50 |
µg/L |
|
Colour |
20 |
mg/L Pt/Co |
|
Copper |
2.0 |
mg/L |
|
Cyanide |
50 |
µg/L |
|
1, 2 dichloroethane |
3.0 |
µg/L |
|
Epichlorohydrin |
0.1 |
µg/L |
|
Fluoride |
1.5 |
mg/L |
|
Iron |
200 |
µg/L |
|
Lead |
10 |
µg/L |
|
Manganese |
50 |
µg/L |
|
Mercury |
1.0 |
µg/L |
|
Nickel |
20 |
µg/L |
|
Nitrate |
50 |
mg/L |
|
Nitrite |
0.5 |
mg/L |
|
Odour |
< 1 at 25˚ C |
Dilution number |
|
Pesticides |
|
|
|
Aldrin |
0.03 |
µg/L |
|
Dieldrin |
0.03 |
µg/L |
|
Heptachlor |
0.03 |
µg/L |
|
Heptachlor epoxide |
0.03 |
µg/L |
|
Other pesticides |
0.1 |
µg/L |
|
Pesticides: Total |
0.5 |
µg/L |
|
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
0.1 |
µg/L |
|
Selenium |
10 |
µg/L |
|
Sodium |
200 |
mg/L |
|
Taste |
< 1 at 25˚C |
Dilution number |
|
Tetrachloroethene and Trichloroethene |
10 |
µg/L |
|
Tetrachloromethane |
3 |
µg/L |
|
Trihalomethanes: Total |
100 |
µg/L |
|
Turbidity |
4 |
NTU |
|
Vinyl chloride |
0.5 |
µg/L |
In the EU, the drinking water directive was updated in 2020. Here's a link to the latest version EUR-Lex - 32020L2184 - EN - EUR-Lex (europa.eu)
The potable water standards do not mention water hardness and alkalinity.
These parameters are very important for brewing water. Let's find out more.